RESUMO
Purpose: To establish the face and content validity of the HelpMeSee Eye Surgery Simulator � a virtual reality-based cataract surgery simulator for manual small-incision cataract surgery (MSICS). Methods: The face and content validity were assessed on the sclero-corneal tunnel construction course. A questionnaire with 11 questions focused on the visual realism, with resemblance to real life surgery, and the training value of the simulator was developed. Thirty-five experienced MSICS surgeons participated in the study. Responses were recorded using a seven-point scoring system. Results: Overall, 74.3% (26/35) of the respondents agreed that the overall visual representation of the eye and the instruments in the simulator were realistic. The task of injecting a visco-elastic through the paracentesis was reported to be the most visually realistic task with a mean score of 5.78 (SD: 1.09; range: 2�. With regard to content validity, 77.1% (27/35) of the subjects felt agreed that the errors and complications represented throughout the entire tunnel construction module were similar to those encountered in real life; the task of entering the anterior chamber with the keratome had a mean score of 5.54 (SD: 0.98; range 1�, being rated the highest in that aspect. Overall, 94.3% (33/35) of the subjects agreed that the simulator would be useful in developing hand� eye co-ordination. A similar number of 94.3% (33/35) agreed that based on their experience, they would recommend cataract surgical training on this simulator. Conclusion: The results suggest that the HelpMeSee Eye Surgery Simulator appears to have sufficient face and content validity for cataract surgical training.
RESUMO
The legalization of tobacco was an accidental event in the history. It would be a fallacy to assume that a product which kills half its consumers was given a legal status by way of logic. Portuguese introduced tobacco to India 400 years ago. Ever since, Indians have used tobacco in various forms. Addictive nature of nicotine leads to tobacco dependence. Tobacco causes over 20 categories of fatal and disabling diseases including oral cancer. In the future it is imperative to impose a ban on oral tobacco products, strengthen enforcement of existing regulations, establish coordinating mechanisms at the levels of central and state and mobilize people to combat the problem. Taxes on tobacco products should be raised and the generated revenue could be spent for the strengthening of the tobacco control program. This article reviews the tobacco use in India, tobacco dependence among people, laws to stub the tobacco inflow in the society and role of dental professionals in tobacco use cessation.